The term "DIAO" is highly context-dependent, as its ambiguity means it corresponds to different concepts in medicine, psychology, and traditional practices—each with distinct target populations. Below is a detailed breakdown of its 适用人群 (suitable groups) based on authoritative clinical evidence and research:
Daoyin, a traditional Chinese mind-body practice encompassing Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Wuqinxi, is particularly suitable for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic review on PubMed confirms that Daoyin improves cognitive function by activating neural signaling, increasing brain capacity, and regulating neurotrophic factors, helping delay dementia onset . It also benefits individuals seeking to enhance physical resilience: its focus on balance, muscle strength, and flexibility makes it ideal for seniors at risk of falls or those recovering from chronic conditions. Unlike high-intensity exercise, its gentle movements are accessible to people with limited mobility, making it a safe option for long-term adherence.
In emergency medicine, dopamine is a frontline drug for critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability. It is first-line for 脓毒性休克 (septic shock) patients with persistent hypoperfusion after fluid resuscitation, especially those at low risk of tachyarrhythmia or with bradycardia . For acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction reduction (HFrEF), low-dose dopamine (<5 μg・kg⁻¹・min⁻¹) combined with diuretics effectively reduces volume overload. It also stabilizes hypotensive (systolic BP <90 mmHg) acute heart failure patients, particularly those with relative bradycardia. Special populations like the elderly, children, and those with liver/kidney impairment can use it under strict dose titration (starting from low doses) due to its short 2-minute half-life and low risk of accumulation .
Dio, the brand name for cetirizine, targets patients with allergic conditions. It is approved for adults and children over 2 years old suffering from seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives), and allergen-induced asthma . Its peripheral histamine H₁-receptor antagonism relieves pruritus, nasal congestion, and respiratory symptoms without significant central nervous system side effects, making it suitable for school-age children and working adults. However, it is not recommended for breastfeeding mothers due to potential excretion in milk, and pregnant women should use it only if benefits outweigh risks .
DAO (diamine oxidase), an enzyme regulating histamine metabolism, has two key applicable groups:
- Patients with intestinal barrier dysfunction: Plasma DAO levels reflect small intestinal mucosal integrity, so monitoring DAO is useful for diagnosing ischemia-induced gut damage or nutritional malabsorption .
- Individuals with histamine intolerance (HIT) or migraine: DAO deficiency causes histamine accumulation, and supplementation may alleviate allergic-like symptoms or migraine attacks linked to histamine excess .
Additionally, D - 氨基酸氧化酶抑制剂 (DAOI) like sodium benzoate benefits schizophrenia patients, especially women. A Meta-analysis in MedSci shows DAOIs enhance NMDA receptor function by inhibiting D-serine degradation, improving clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits—with female patients exhibiting more significant cognitive gains .
In summary, "DIAO" lacks a single definition, but its various interpretations map to clear, evidence-based populations: from elderly MCI patients to critically ill shock victims, and from allergy sufferers to schizophrenia patients. Proper application requires aligning the term with its clinical or therapeutic context.
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